Outside one airport terminal Sunday, protesters set off fire extinguishers, piled luggage trolleys into makeshift road barricades and smashed surveillance cameras before being driven away by police.

Many protesters relocated to the airport's nearest town, Tung Chung, where they used fire hoses to flood the metro station, sprayed graffiti on its walls, and also burned a Chinese flag.

There were no immediate reports of major flight delays, but many outbound travellers stranded in traffic were forced to abandon vehicles in the gridlock and drag their luggage along the airport road.

"It's out of our control," said Andy Tang, 26, returning to Australia from a week's holiday in Hong Kong. "So there's no point getting annoyed about it."

The airport is covered by an injunction banning protesters from entering, imposed after a shutdown in August which ended in ugly clashes.

But protesters have routinely ignored legal moves to ban their actions since the anti-government movement sprang to life.

On Sunday, city sanitation workers were seen clearing debris and removing graffiti after a night of pitched battles between protesters and police.

Hours earlier, a huge fire burned in the city's commercial district as chaos ripped through the centre of a city usually renowned for its stability and prosperity.

"I'm really, really tired. I think many Hong Kong people had a sleepless night yesterday," said 18-year-old student protester called May.

"But I'm determined to go today."

Hardcore demonstrators Saturday hurled petrol bombs at government buildings and police, who responded with tear gas and water cannon laced with chemical dye before making mass arrests inside the city's underground metro stations.

Video footage captured by local media showed elite police charge a crowd cowering inside a train carriage -- with one man, drenched in pepper spray, crying in anguish on his knees as he tried to protect his female friend.

Officers made 40 arrests at one station.

Anger at police tactics swirled across social media.

"The police are a licenced mob," Kwok Ka-ki, a pro-democracy lawmaker, told AFP.

Decrying the "horrifying" police raid on the train carriage, Amnesty International called for a probe into police conduct.

"Violence directed at police... is no excuse for officers to go on the rampage elsewhere," Man-kei Tam, director of Amnesty International, Hong Kong said in a statement. 

Police said officers also fired two warning shots into the sky after being attacked by a group of "violent protesters who attempted to once snatch police pistols".

"Escalating violence and (the) progressively lethal weapons of protestors, the safety of police officers and... the public is seriously threatened,"

police said in a statement.

Thirty-one people were admitted to hospital with injuries following the clashes, including five who remain in a serious condition.

As Hong Kong spirals deeper into chaos, Beijing is watching closely.

China's state news agency Xinhua posted a video on Twitter late Saturday of armed Chinese riot police holding "anti-riot drills in Shenzhen", a city which borders Hong Kong.

Beijing has also unleashed a mix of intimidation, propaganda and economic muscle in an attempt to muzzle the movement, which it views as a direct challenge to its rule.

Police on Friday rounded up several high profile pro-democracy activists and politicians in sweeping arrests that rights groups said was taken directly from Beijing's playbook.

More than 900 people have been arrested since June in connection with the protests.

Saturday marked the fifth anniversary of Beijing's rejection of universal suffrage for Hong Kong that sparked the 79-day "Umbrella Movement" in 2014.

That petered out without the government making any major concessions.

Hong Kong was bracing more disruption Monday, with calls for a general strike and the start of a university boycott. (AFP)