Secretary of State Mike Pompeo spoke by phone with South Korean Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha, and the two agreed to remain "closely coordinated" in efforts to create conditions for dialogue with North Korea.

   They "agreed that must continue until North Korea embraces denuclearization," according to a US readout of the call. 

   Trump's cancellation of the summit had blindsided treaty ally South Korea, which had brokered the remarkable detente between Washington and Pyongyang, with President Moon Jae-in calling the move "shocking and very regrettable."


   - 'Twists and turns' -

   State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert cast the fast-moving developments as simply "twists and turns" in the process.

   "We never expected it to be easy," Nauert told reporters.

   But the whiplash from the White House was unusual even for the chaos-loving president. In March, apparently acting on impulse, Trump agreed to the talks with Kim after only limited input from aides.

   In a letter to Kim, Trump blamed Kim's regime for his decision to call off the summit, and warned North Korea against committing any "foolish or reckless acts" while also highlighting America's "massive and powerful" nuclear capabilities.

   First Vice Foreign Minister Kim Kye Gwan called Trump's decision "unexpected" and "regrettable" but sounded a conciliatory tone, saying officials were willing "to sit face-to-face at any time."

   Just before Trump announced the cancellation of the meeting, North Korea declared it had "completely" dismantled its nuclear test site in the country's far northeast, in a carefully choreographed goodwill gesture.

  - 'Show goodwill' -

    Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said he respected and supported the US president's move to cancel the summit while China, Pyongyang's sole major ally, urged the two foes to "show goodwill." 


   Russia's President Vladimir Putin held out hope the talks would eventually take place.

   Politically, Trump had invested heavily in the success of the planned summit.

   As the date drew nearer, however, a gulf in expectations between the two sides became apparent.

   Before Trump's announcement, Pyongyang had hardened its rhetoric, calling comments by Vice President Mike Pence "ignorant and stupid."

   Washington has made it clear it wants to see the "complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization" of the North.

   Pyongyang has vowed it will never give up its nuclear deterrent until it feels safe from what it terms US aggression.

   - Libyan model   -

   The White House was unhappy about what it considered to be a "trail of broken promises" by North Korea -- including failure to show up for summit preparatory talks and complaints about the latest US-South Korean joint military exercise.

   It also was unhappy about the North's failure to allow international observers to verify the dismantling of the Punggye-ri test site, the staging ground for all six of its nuclear tests.

   But the North's Kim Kye Gwan countered that Pyongyang's angry statements were "just a backlash in response to harsh words from the US side that has been pushing for a unilateral denuclearization."

   Both Pence and Trump's hawkish National Security Advisor John Bolton had raised the specter of Libyan leader Moamer Khadafi, who gave up atomic weapons only to die years later at the hands of US-backed rebels. 

   Joel Wit, founder of the respected 38 North website which monitors North Korea, said Kim's hand has been strengthened regardless of whether the summit goes ahead because recent weeks have seen him forge connections with Chinese President Xi Jinping, as well as with Russia and South Korea.

   "Kim has created sort of a cushion for failure that if the US backs away, the Chinese and Russians will be behind him," Wit said.

   "If the United States tries to come back to the table, (Kim) may toughen up his negotiating position feeling that his political position has been strengthened."

   But others said Trump's demonstrated willingness to walk away could yet extract further concessions from Pyongyang.

   "North Korea will have to propose more detailed plans for denuclearization if it wants to talk in the future," said Go Myong-hyun, an analyst at the Asan Institute of Policy Studies.