The opposition Congress Party also put forward a Dalit candidate, a former parliamentary speaker Meira Kumar.

But Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party assembled enough electoral college votes to push through its candidate and the outcome was expected.

"Congratulations to Shri Ram Nath Kovind Ji on being elected the President of India! Best wishes for a fruitful and inspiring tenure," Modi wrote on Twitter.

Analysts said the election of Kovind would help Modi tighten his grip on power and accrue political capital by sending an important message to the Dalits, a long-disdained electoral group once known as "untouchables".

Dalits, who number around 200 million in the nation of 1.3 billion, are among India's poorest communities and relegated to the margins of society.

Despite legal protection, discrimination is rife and Dalits are routinely denied access to education and other advancement opportunities.

Modi had hailed the rise of Kovind, the son of a farmer and former Supreme Court lawyer, from "a humble background".

India's prime minister wields executive power, but the president can send back some parliamentary bills for reconsideration and also plays a guiding role in the process of forming governments. (AFP)