Koreans take great pride in their culture, especially their pop culture, thanks to the K-pop boom, and think that the level of culture is way above the level of their economy, a government survey showed Wednesday.

In the “mindset and values of Koreans 2013” survey by the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, involving 2,537 people aged between 19 and 79, the respondents showed pride in cultural heritage (93.1 percent); the traditional costume hanbok and Korean food (92.7 percent); Confucian values, including loyalty and respect for the elderly (85.9 percent); and pop culture, including K-pop (81.5 percent).

The respect for pop culture has jumped by 27.9 percentage points, up from 53.6 percent in 2008.

About 54.5 percent thought the level of the country’s culture was higher than the level of its economy. About 31.5 percent said the country has become a culturally developed nation. Some 21.1 percent thought the country’s economy has reached the level of a developed country, while only 5.2 percent said the country’s rule of law has reached the same level as that of developed countries. A mere 3.5 percent said the country’s political culture was on par with that of developed countries.

“The recent string of Korean cultural heritage (sites and traditions) being successfully added to UNESCO heritage lists, and the stories of the worldwide popularity of K-pop have brought about this perception,” said Kim Dae-kyun, a ministry official.

Family

Koreans reported a happiness level of 6.9 out of 10. The more family members they had, including a spouse, the happier they felt. They counted health the most important factor for happiness, followed by spouse, children, assets, work life and friends.

Results also show that children brought the most satisfaction to Koreans (8.4 out of 10), followed by a spouse (8.3), friends (7.8), religious pursuits (7.2) and work life (7). The least satisfactory sectors were cultural life (6.3) and income level (6.6).

The traditional preference for sons has decreased dramatically, as 66.2 percent said they would prefer a daughter over a son if they were to have just one child. If they could have three children, 58.4 percent said they would like a son and two daughters.

About 32.1 percent of the respondents said they felt closer to maternal relatives than paternal relatives. “The younger (the respondents were), the closer they felt to the maternal side (of their family), suggesting that Korea is moving toward a sort of matrilineal society,” Kim said.

In choosing a spouse, both men and women considered personality the most important factor. However, men put a greater weight on women’s appearance (38.5 percent), while women valued men’s occupation or wealth more.

Society

About 53.4 percent thought Korea is a gender-equal society, which is about 23 percentage points higher than the 2008 result of 30.4 percent. Men (57.2 percent) were more likely to think so than women (49.5 percent). About 52 percent said they would prefer to enjoy their life as it is now rather than prepare excessively for the future, and about 45.5 percent thought people could move up the social ladder if they wanted to.

Showing consideration for others was the most commonly perceived condition for making Korea a better place to live, followed by equal opportunities for everyone, respect for the elderly and communication among people.

“All respondents said that today’s teenagers lack consideration for others. Even amid the intense disputes over political, economic and social issues, people are finding common values in the need to yield a little to others,” Kim said.

The survey was the fifth of its kind, following those conducted in 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2008.

By Bae Ji-sook (baejisook@heraldcorp.com)