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한국의 가계•기업•정부 부채가 전체 경제 규모의 3배에 육박하는 것으로 파악됐다.
22일 한국은행 자금순환표를 보면 올해 2분기 말 현재 가계 및 비영리단체•비 금융 기업•일반정부의 부채는 지난 1년간의 국내총생산(GDP)의 289.8%에 이르는 것으로 나타났다.
이는 해당 통계가 작성된 이래 가장 큰 수치다. 금융위기 당시 최고치였던 285. 2%(2009년2분기)보다도 더 높다.
GDP 대비 가계•기업•정부 부채의 비율은 2003년까지만 해도 220%대에 머물렀다.
그러나 2006년 말 236.5%, 2007년 말 245.9%로 오르더니 금융위기를 맞은 2008년 말 273.7%로 훌쩍 뛰었다. 지난해엔 280% 선마저 돌파했다.
주체별로 보면 민간기업의 GDP대비 부채비율이 2003년 2분기 131.4%에서 올해 2 분기 158.0%로 불어났다. 가계는 같은 기간 72.8%에서 91.6%가 됐다.
정부의 부채비율은 18.2%에서 40.1%로 상승했다. 정부의 부채비율은 절댓값은 가장 작지만, 증가세는 가장 가팔랐다.
부문별 GDP 대비 부채 비율이 치솟은 것은 2000년대 들어 경제주체들의 빚이 성장속도보다 빠르게 불어났기 때문이다.
2003년 2분기 135조3천억원에 불과했던 정부(중앙+지방)부채는 정확히 10년만인 올해 2분기 517조9천억원으로 4배 가까이가 됐다.
비금융법인(주식 및 출자지분, 직접투자 제외)부채 역시 같은 기간 975조3천억 원에서 2천39조3천억원으로, 가계•비영리단체는 540조3천억원에서 1천182조2천억원으로 각각 2배 이상의 수준까지 증가했다.
그러나 명목 GDP는 이 기간 742조1천억원에서 1천290조6천억원으로 기껏 1.74배로 늘어나는 데 그쳤다.
임희정 현대경제연구원 연구위원은 "소비•투자부진 등 경제활력이 떨어지는 상 황에서 경제주체들의 부채상황이 악화하는 것은 우려스럽다"며 "정부는 경제활력과 성장세를 회복하고 경제주체의 건전성을 개선하도록 노력해야 한다"고 말했다. (연합뉴스)
<관련 영문 기사>
Korea’s debt-to-GDP hits record high in Q2
Korea’s outstanding debt of its public, corporate and household sectors reached a record high in proportion to its gross domestic product in the second quarter of this year, according to data from the Bank of Korea.
The debt neared 290 percent of Korea’s annual economic output, exceeding the debt-to-GDP ratio of 285.2 percent recorded in the second quarter of 2009, during the global financial crisis.
Asia’s fourth-largest economy had maintained the ratio at 220 percent until 2003, but it began to climb during the former Roh Moo-hyun administration, and breached 270 percent in 2008 when the global financial crisis erupted during the former Lee Myung-bak administration.
In 2006-2007, the debt-to-GDP ratio stood at around 240 percent, and broke the 280 percent mark last year.
The snowballing debt under the Lee administration was attributable to spending on infrastructure such as the four-river restoration project, Korea’s Board of Audit and Inspection said.
The debt incurred during the Roh administration was mostly due to increased welfare spending as the former president promoted a policy of equitable wealth distribution.
The ratio for the nonfinancial or manufacturing business sector increased from 131 percent in the second quarter of 2003 to 158 percent at the end of the second quarter of this year, the data noted.
The household debt-to-GDP ratio reached almost 92 percent, up from 73 percent in the same period.
Meanwhile, government debt in proportion to GDP hit 40 percent from 18 percent in the same period, showing the fastest increase.
The central and regional governments saw their outstanding debt grow almost four-fold from 135.3 trillion won ($124.7 billion) in the second quarter of 2003 to 517.9 trillion won in the second quarter of this year.
Korea’s GDP grew 1.74 times from 742.1 trillion won to 1.2906 quadrillion won in the same period.
The increased debt will put the incumbent administration of President Park Geun-hye to the test on financial soundness amid already high household debt compounded by extra spending.
President Park called for the government to achieve fiscal balance within her five-year term during a meeting with her ministers last month.
She said the government needed to make fiscal reforms by first revising its spending so that the government can bring the national debt ratio to around 30 percent of gross domestic product.
She added that the government needed to make spending cuts in inefficient sectors, but be ready to use its fiscal resources for both the unexpected and expected such as growing pension and health care costs amid a rapidly aging population.
(hkp@heraldcorp.com)
