TOKYO (AP) ― Japan’s Prime Minister Shinzo Abe declared a “monetary regime change” Tuesday as the central bank bowed to government pressure, setting a 2 percent inflation target aimed at helping the country emerge from its prolonged bout of deflation.

“This opens a passageway toward bold monetary easing,” Abe told reporters after the Bank of Japan and government jointly announced the inflation target and plans for “open-ended” central bank asset purchases similar to the strategy followed by the U.S. Federal Reserve.

Abe began lobbying the central bank to ease monetary policy even before he took office late last month, saying more aggressive action was needed for the world’s No. 3 economy to escape from years of falling prices that can dull consumer spending and business investment.

Bank of Japan Gov. Masaaki Shirakawa vowed to achieve the inflation benchmark “as soon as possible,” in cooperation with the government. Some economists believe a moderate amount of inflation is grease that can make the wheels of the economy spin faster.

Whether the effort will succeed remains to be seen: the central bank has not achieved even its 1 percent inflation target, with price increases hovering below 0.5 percent for the past two years despite surges in energy costs.

The higher inflation target “would also have to be backed up by substantial policy measures to achieve it, otherwise the Bank of Japan might simply end up missing an inflation target of 2 percent rather than, at present, missing one of 1 percent,” Capital Economics said in a commentary Tuesday.

Abe needs fast results because an election for the upper house of Japan’s parliament is due in July. His government is seeking to spur growth both through heavy government spending on public works and other projects and through monetary easing.

Still, popular magazines are already forecasting an “Abe bubble” in share and real estate prices, driven by the money being pumped into the economy through government spending and monetary easing.

Financial markets have rewarded Abe’s campaign pledges with a rally in the benchmark Nikkei 225 stock index, which has gained nearly 22 percent in the past year, mostly in the past few months.

Meanwhile, the Japanese yen has weakened against other major currencies, relieving pressure on exporters whose competitiveness has been squeezed by a prolonged bout of “endaka,” or strong yen, in the past few years.

As expected, the central bank pledged to expand its asset purchases, buying about 13 trillion yen ($145 billion) in assets per month from January 2014 including Japanese government bonds and treasury bills. Its current asset purchase scheme will continue until the new plan comes into effect.

In an apparent acknowledgement of concerns over Japan’s soaring public debt, which is more than twice its gross domestic product, the joint statement said that the government would “establish a sustainable fiscal structure ... to ensure the credibility of fiscal management.”

It also promised reforms to improve the competitiveness and “growth potential” of the economy, such as investing more in research and development and adjusting tax policies.

The Bank of Japan said its “open-ended” easing will increase purchases of government bonds and other low-risk financial assets without setting a deadline.

Describing its inflation goal as a “price stability target,” the central bank said it would watch for “any significant risk to the sustainability of economic growth, including from the accumulation of financial imbalances.”

“Under the price stability target, the bank will pursue monetary easing and aim to achieve this target at the earliest possible time,” it said.

At present, consumer prices are basically flat, the central bank said.

But while the economy remains “relatively weak,” public spending and housing investment appear to be picking up, and recoveries in overseas markets will also help stimulate demand, it said.

The Abe government is expected to nominate as Bank of Japan governor an expert known to favor its policies when Shirakawa’s term ends this spring.

Critics of the government’s strategy of pushing for more inflation argue that it will do little to stimulate real demand in the economy if it pushes up prices without accompanying gains in purchasing power.

They also express concern that the government’s campaign to influence monetary policy might undermine the central bank’s independent status.

Trade minister Toshimitsu Motegi, speaking to reporters on Monday, said that was not the government’s intention.

“We are not doing this to gang up and pick on Mr. Shirakawa,” he said. But he added that “the policy of aiming to escape deflation will not change, not today, not tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.”